作者：washbc
来源China Admits Problems With Three Gorges Dam - NYTimescom
译者washbc
China Admits Problems With Three Gorges Dam
中国政府承认三峡大坝存在问题
BEIJING — The Three Gorges Dam, the world’s largest hydroelectric project and a symbol of China’s confidence in risky technological solutions, is troubled by urgent pollution and geologic problems, a high-level government body acknowledged Thursday.
北京——中国政府高层在本周四承认，世界上最大的水电项目，也是中国有信心驾驭危险技术工程象征的三峡大坝，面临着严重的污染和地质问题。
The statement came as technicians were certifying the very last of the dam’s array of generators as suitable for hydroelectric generation, the final step in a contentious 19-year effort to complete the project in defiance of domestic and international concerns over its safety as well as threats to the environment, displaced people, historical areas and natural beauty.
当技术人员正在核实大坝的最后一台机组是否可以水力发电时，中国政府做出了上述声明，终于给这个被争议了19年的在建工程画上了句号，虽然国内外一直担心着大坝本身的安全，担心着它对环境，移民，人文历史以及自然景观的潜在威胁。
Environmentalists say the lake has become a repository for the waste dumped by cities and industries.
环保人士说，该湖已经成了城市和工业废物的倾倒库。
Even the dam’s ability to regulate the notoriously changeable flow of the 3,900-mile-long Yangtze, one of China’s two major rivers, has been called into question. Faced with a historic drought this spring, cities downstream of the dam have been unable to accommodate oceangoing vessels that usually visit their ports, and about 400,000 residents of Hubei Province lost access to drinking water this month.
而大坝是否有能力调控中国第一大河——流经3900英尺的长江的凶猛水势也被打上问号。今年春天，大坝下游的城市面临着前所未有的旱灾，曾经多次在这些港口停泊的远洋船只已经不能进港了，同时，湖北省大约40万居民在这个月缺乏饮用水。
Although no link has been proved, critics say the dam has changed regional water tables, contributing to the shortage.
是否三峡大坝造成了这些问题还没有被证实，但批评家认为，大坝改变了当地的水分布，导致了缺水。
The government statement on the dam was released after a meeting led by Prime Minister Wen Jiabao, seen by many outsiders as more responsive to average citizens’ complaints than many others in the nation’s leadership. The statement said that some problems were anticipated during the dam’s construction, but that others “arose because of new demands posed by economic and social development.”
在温家宝总理主持的一个会议结束后，官方发出了这份关于三峡大坝的声明。对于很多外部人士来说，这份声明更多地回应了普通老百姓对三峡工程的怨尤，而不是针对政府高层的。声明指出，有些问题在大坝修建过程中就已经意识到了，而另外一些则是“随着经济社会的发展而新出现的。”
China’s rulers may be most concerned by the impact of the dam on the displaced masses, many of whom appear to have failed to rebuild their lives after being evicted from the land covered by the reservoir. By 2020, the statement promised, displaced residents would enjoy living standards equal to those who had not been displaced.
中国领导人最担心的问题可能是大坝对库区移民的影响，他们中的很多人在从大坝原址被强制迁走后，生活条件很不好。该声明承诺，到2020年，移民将享受到和非移民一样的生活待遇。
The Three Gorges project has been dogged by skeptics, even within China’s bureaucracy, since it was approved in 1992. Environmentalists said it would destroy a stunning landscape of limestone cliffs regarded as one of the world’s most scenic sites, and skeptics warned that the new lake would lead to geologic and pollution problems.
自从1992年被批准以来，质疑就和三峡工程如影随形，有些甚至来自于中国官方内部。环保人士认为它会摧毁美的让人窒息的钟乳石悬崖峭壁，它们可是被列为世界最美自然景观之一的。质疑者警告说，这个新的人工湖会导致地质和污染问题。
